Operation on Files or Folder

In windows operating system, we can perform various files or folder related operations like copy, delete or move a file or folder. The GUI features provide facility to computer user to perform such kind of operations easily.

Let us Discuss each operations-

Copy or move a file or folder- This operation works for files and folder to copy files or folder from one location and create a same copy at destination place. While the move operation on file or folder just take file from one location and put it into destination location. These operations are done by either copy/paste and cut/paste option inside file organization (windows 7) or Home menu (windows 10).

Steps to copy or move file or folder-

1. Open the drive or folder in which file or folder exist.

2. Select file or folder yo want to copy by one left mouse click.

3. Available options

A. Copy/Paste- Click on Copy option given in Home menu or use shortcut Ctrl +C to copy file or folder. You can also copy file or folder by click on copy option displayed after right click on file or folder and open destination drive or folder and paste copied file or folder either by click on paste in Home Menu, shortcut Ctrl + V or click on paste option displayed after right click on destination drive or folder. 

B. Cut/Paste- Click on Cut option given in Home menu or use shortcut Ctrl +X to copy file or folder. You can also copy file or folder by click on Cut option displayed after right click on file or folder and open destination drive or folder and click on paste copied file or folder either by click on paste in Home Menu, shortcut Ctrl + V or click on paste option displayed after right click on destination drive or folder.    

C. Move Using Drag & Drop- Open the destination folder or drive in other window and drag the file that you want to move and drop it to other window.

D. Delete - You can delete selected file or folder either by click on delete option in Home menu or by click on delete option displayed after right click on file or folder that you want to delete. 

Operating System & Its Important Functions

Operating System

An Interface that provide a channel between Computer Hardware and Computer User so that Communication is possible between these two is called Operating System. 

We already know that  Computer hardware performs the human task and gives the result but human can not drive the hardware directly for this human needs a channel called Operating System. 

The middle layer that takes user task as input and instruct the hardware to processing is called an Operating System.

An Operating System also works as a controller to all programs which are used by human like MS-Word, Excel etc.

Operating System

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Functions of Operating System

Functions of Operating System

Let us Discuss one by one deeply-

👉Provide Interface to User- It works as an interface to computer user so that user can communicate with the hardware. In absence of Operating System user can't do anything.

👉Process or Processor Management- when number of processes running on same time (multi- programming System) than the duty of operating system is to process the every process without any conflicts or deadlock. For this, Operating system works on process scheduling algorithms. In multiprocessing System where number of processors are arranged for processing the processes, the operating system provide the processor to process in such a way that utilization of each processor should be done. Other processor management tasks are tracking process status(process is executed, running, pending, aborted etc.), processor allocation and deallocation for which process.

👉Memory Management- The Operating System is responsible to manage the memory according to requirement of any software. The Memory allocation for any process or program is provided by operating system and if process or program execution is completed than the memory occupied by processes are deleted by Operating System. Operating System also responsible to check the memory utilization, how much memory provided to process etc.

👉Device Management- The proper management of Devices and device drivers functioning related management also under the care of Operating System. Input/ Output Controller is used to track the devices. Operating System ensure the device allocation and deallocation for process.

👉File Management- The OS is also responsible for file management. The files which are stored in directory structure are utilized by operating system. The Tracking of file is done by operating system as well as its status (open/close), its location, resource provided for files operation( like printer), files allocation and deallocation related management etc.

👉Coordination between other software- The OS take care the mapping and coordination between the software. For an Example if you are using code editor that need application software and this code is compiled by compiler which is a kind of System Software. These software coordination is required to execute the code and this is done by Operating System.

👉Security- The Operating System Provides the functionality to create user account to protect your files.

👉Job Accounting- It take care the jobs and the resources hold by the Jobs. It also count the resources and processes who consume it. IT keep record in Resource Allocation Table and Continuously update it.

Except these functions operating system also works for Linker, Loader, Compilation, error message display, control the system performance, etc.               

MS-Word Shortcut Keys

MS-Word Shortcut Keys
MS-Word Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + 0	To adds or removes 6pts of spacing before a paragraph.
Ctrl + 1	Create Single-space lines.
Ctrl + 2	Create Double-space lines.
Ctrl + 5	Create 1.5-line spacing.
Ctrl + A	Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B	Bold highlighted OR Selected text.
Ctrl + C	Copy selected text.
Ctrl + D	Open Font Dialogue Box
Ctrl + E	Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl + F	Open find Dialogue box.
Ctrl + G	Open Go To window where we can jump page or section etc.
Ctrl + H	Open Replace Dialogue Box.
Ctrl + I	Italic selected text.
Ctrl + J	Aligns the selected text or line or paragraph to justify according to the document width between the margins.
Ctrl + K	Insert link inside document.
Ctrl + L	Aligns the line or paragraph or selected text to the left of the document.
Ctrl + M	Increase the Indent of the paragraph (shift right side).
Ctrl + N	Open New Document file or New File.
Ctrl + O	Open File Explorer to Select file to open in MS-Word.
Ctrl + P	It will Open the print window.
Ctrl + Q	Add Space after paragraph.
Ctrl + R	Aligns the line or paragraph or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl + S	Save the Document.
Ctrl + T	Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl + U	Underline Selected Text.
Ctrl + V	Paste the copied or cut content.
Ctrl + W	Close current Document with saving confirmation.
Ctrl + X	Cut selected text.
Ctrl + Y	Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z	Undo last action.
More Shortcut will be Updated Soon....

 

Mail Merge

 Mail Merge

Mail Merge is a concept that gives the relaxation to operator for writing a single letter to number of users except to write letter to each user individually. In other words we can say mail merge is a feature of MS word processing software that write a letter once and send it to number of individual users according to their information. 

Let us understand this by using an example where an organization HR Manager wants to send greeting to their employees but in greeting the matter is same and each employee get greeting with his (Employee) name or information in that case HR Manager uses the concept of Mail Merge.

Mail Merge Feature using Example

Now we have clear image about mail-merge so we move forward to understand how this mail merge feature works and for this, we understand the requirement to implement the Mail Merge in MS word completely -

1. we have a data source which contains a list of users to send a letter.

2. we have Letter which is written in MS-Word that will be sent to users.

3. Outlook Configuration with Gmail account.   

Steps for Mail Merge-

The following steps are used to implement Mail Merge-

1) Open MS-Word and write any kind of letter as a greeting which you want to send like given below-

Mail Merge Sample Letter

2) Make an Excel sheet as Data source in which user information is stored like given below-

Mail Merge Data Source as Excel Sheet

3) Now Follow the Given Steps-

a) Open Document file in MS-word (letter in our case) and click on Mailings menu.

b) Now Click on Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard inside Start Mail Merge option.

Mail Merge Steps a and b

c) After that new window will open with mail merge wizard steps in right side like given below-

Mail Merge Wizard Window

Now we have to follow all the 6 steps one by one--->

    (i) Select Document Type in our case Letter and than click on Next: Starting Document.

    (ii) Select how do yo want to set up your letter in our case current document and than click on                      Next: select Recipients.

    (iii) Click on Browse and select your excel sheet and check mail recipients than click ok.

    (iv) Now Click Next: Write your letter in this step yo can insert merge fields in your letter at                         appropriate place and after that click next: Preview your letter.

    (v) Here you see the preview of letters.

    (vi) Now click on Next: Complete the Merge.

All these steps are given in below image-

Mail Merge Steps 1 to 3

Mail Merge Step 3 to select Data Source

Mail Merge Step 3 to select Data sheet

Mail Merge Step 3 to select Data Fields

Mail Merge Step 4 -insert Mail Merge Field

After the all 6 steps we move towards the setting of Gmail Account and configure Outlook for Gmail by using given below steps-

1. Open Gmail Account and Go to profile-->Manage Your Google Account -->Security-->Allow access to less secure app.

2. Go to Gmail Setting-->see all setting--> Inside forwarding POP/IMAP-->Enable POP for all Mail.

3. Open Microsoft Office Outlook.

4. Go to Tools Menu--> Account Setting-->New-->Check Manually Configure sever setting and click Next.

5. Select Internet E-Mail Option and Click Next.

6. Add Customer Account Setting.

Mail Merge Add Customer Account in Outlook

7. Click on More Setting.

8. Set the Configuration for Gmail Outlook given below.

Mail Merge Outlook Setting for Server

9. Click on Next and than Click on Finish.

Here Outlook setting is done now go to Microsoft Word Document(Letter) and Click on Finish & Merge-->Send E-mail Messages...

Now Check Your Mail.........

Here we have done our Mail Merge Concept and all the Recipient addresses have the letter that is sent by Manager.............

What is Software & Explain its Types

What is Software

A Software is nothing but a program or collection of Programs which is used to provide an interface for users to perform their operations on hardware. We know that every operation is performed by hardware but how that hardware works that instructions are given in software. Users can not works directly on hardware they actually need some kind of medium so that they perform their operations and these kind of medium are nothing but software programs.   

Software

User wants to perform some specific task on computer but user don't have the knowledge about how that task operated on computer and what exactly to do and this need is fulfilled by a software. 

A Software works on peripheral devices of the entire computer system so that user can perform his specific task on computer.

A software plays a mediator role between the user and the computer hardware. A user can’t perform any task on a computer without software.

Types of Software

Software broadly classified in two category which is given below:-

Types of Software

1. System Software- System software provides a way to user so that user can interact with hardware to perform specific task or in other words we can say that the system software is responsible for hardware functionality according to the user requirement on specific task.

System Software is middle layer between hardware and user.

System Software

System Software programs are coded in Low Level Language generally runs in background and provides functionality to user.

Examples of System Software-

A) Operating System- As the name suggest the system on which user can operate. It is the best example of System Software which handle all the services, programs running on it. Single-User, Multi-User, Distributed, Embedded, Real-Time Operating System etc. are the Types of Operating System.

Some example of Operating System-

    a) Windows

    b) Linux

    c) Unix

    d) iOS

    e) Android etc.

B) Device Drivers- These System Software are used to control the Devices and provide the proper attachment of device to system so that device can work with system in proper manner.

Some example of Device Derivers are-

    a) BIOS Drivers

    b) Printer Drivers

    c) Scanner Drivers

    d) Bluetooth Driver 

    e) USB Drivers 

    f) Sound Card Drivers etc.

C) Firmware- It is a system software stored permanently in Read Only Memory (ROM). IT contains the Instructions that how particular device interacts with other resources or hardware.

Some example of Firmware software are-

    a) BIOS

    b) Embedded

    c) Computer Peripherals etc.

D) Utility Software- These System Software are generally works on optimizing system so that system works very well. We also can say that Utility software Analyze and maintain the system. Types of software under this categories are Compression, Defragmentation, Anti-virus, Disc-Cleanup etc.

Some example of Utility Software are-

    a) WinZip

    b) Avast Antivirus

    c) Norton Antivirus

    d) WinRAR etc.

2) Application Software- These software generally used in productivity hence called productivity software and also called end-user programs. We can perform number of tasks on these software like creating resume, Letter, Banner Designing, Maintaining Account of Employee in Organization, gaming, making charts, Listening songs, watching videos etc. These Software generally designed for specific purpose or requirement.

Example of These Software are-

A) Word Processor- By using Word Processor, we can create or edit a document even we can use formatting on document as well as can do printing.

Example of Word Processing Software are-

    a) MS Word

    b) Google Docs etc.

B) Database Software- These Software are used to store data in appropriate manner. In this software we create a Database in which all the data are stored. The stored data managed by database management system.

Some example of Database Software are-

    a) MS-Access

    b) MySQL

    c) MS-SQL

    d) Oracle etc.

C) Multimedia Software- These Software are used to work on Multimedia files like Images, Audio files, Video files, Animated files etc. These software works on Image editing, voice editing, video editing, video making, audio recording etc.

Some example of Multimedia software are-

    a) Corel Draw,

    b) Adobe Photoshop,

    c) Adobe Page Maker,

    d) VLC Media Player,

    e) Windows Movie Maker etc.

D) Web Browsers- These Application Software are used to search record on server machine and display on user screen. When user ant to browse the content on network or internet he need the application software called Web browser.

Some example of Web Browser are-

    a) Google Chrome,

    b) Opera,   

    c) Mozilla Firefox etc.

Other Kind of Software according to their usage-

    a) Freeware software- Skype, Adobe Reader, Audacity etc.

    b) Shareware- PHP Debugger, Adobe Acrobat etc.

    c) Open Source- Apache Web Server, Mozilla Firefox etc.     

Block Diagram of Computer System

Block Diagram of Computer System

The Computer System or any kind of Machine generally contains three parts which are very important:-

👉Input Unit- Used to take Input from user and convert it into machine understandable instruction.

👉Processing Unit- This Unit works on input data or commands and generate the desired output.

👉Output Unit- This Unit works to represent output or processed data to human understandable format. 

Let us understand basic components used in Block Diagram of Computer System with their working-

👉Input Unit or Input Device- This unit generally works to take user input as a Data or Command or Instructions and convert it into the format so that processing unit can process on it and generate an output in desirable format. For an Example if user wants to add two number he will provide two numbers as a data and command to add by using input device like Keyboard.

👉Storage Unit or Memory Unit- This unit works on storing the Data or providing the place for process execution. In our case, two numbers are store in RAM for processing and after adding also saved in RAM. This unit contains two parts given below-

     💡Primary Memory- This memory is used in process execution. Example RAM and ROM are Primary memory in which RAM is Volatile and ROM is Non-Volatile Memory.

     💡Secondary Memory- This memory is used to permanently save data in system. Example of Secondary Memory are Hard Disk Drives (HDD) or USB etc. Secondary Memory also called Auxiliary Memory.

👉 Central Processing System (CPU)- CPU also called Processor or Brain of Computer System that works on processing upon given instruction on given data or stored data. The processing Unit contains two parts-

     💡Control Unit- The work of this unit is to control the Instruction, Data or Command so that after processing user get desired result. For an Example at the time of printing command, Control Unit checks the printer is idle or not and if idle than command will fire otherwise command saved in spooler. 

     💡Arithmetic & Logical Unit- This part works on Arithmetic Operation like Addition, Subtraction etc. and Logical Operation like comparing two data or value etc.

👉 Output Unit or Output Device- This unit works on representing the processed data so that user can understand it. Example printer prints the document and monitor display the data to user as a Result.  

Fundamental of Computer Objective Set_1

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER & P.C. SOFTWARE (CA-101)

1) The brain of any computer System is:         a) ALU❌                          b) Memory❌         c) CPU✅                  d) Control Unit❌ 2) The output quality of printer is measured by:         a) Dot per sq. inch❌           b) Dot per inch✅           c) Dots print per sec❌           d) All of these❌ 3) Mnemonic a memory trick is used in which of the following language?        a) Machine❌                         b) Assembly✅        c) High Level❌                 d) None of these❌ 4) In word processing, changing the appearance of a document is called:        a) Editing ❌          b) Writing ❌              c) Formatting ✅        d) All of these❌ 5) A nibble consists of:        a) bits❌        b) 4 bits✅            c)  6 bits❌        d) 16 bits❌ 6) The smallest unit of data in a computer is called:        a) Nibble❌        b) Byte❌                    c) Bit✅                 d) Cell❌ 7)  A Giga Byte (GB) is equal to the:        a) 1024 Byte❌        b) 1024 MB✅        c) 1024 KB❌        d) 1024 TB❌ 8)  A computer program that converts assembly language to machine language is:        a) Compiler❌            b)  Interpreter❌        c)  Assembler✅        d)  Converter❌ 9) Which device is used for translate data from a computer into pictorial form on paper?        a) Mouse❌        b) Plotter ✅        c) Touch Panel❌              d) Card Punch❌ 10) An optical input device that interprets pencil marks on paper media is:        a) O.M.R.✅           b) Punch Card Reader❌         c) Optical Scanners❌         d) Magnetic Tape❌  11) The symbols used in an assembly language are:        a) Code❌        b) Mnemonics✅        c)   Assembly❌        d) None of these❌ 12) Codes consisting of light and dark marks which may be optically read is known as:        a) Mnemonics❌              b) Binary❌        c)   Bar Code✅        d) Decoder❌ 13) Binary Language is also known as:       a) Machine❌             b) Assembly❌       c)  Low Level❌                 d) Both a and c✅ 14) The device that can both feed data into and accept data from a computer is:       a) CPU❌                   b) ALU❌           c)  Memory❌            d) Input & Output Device✅ 15) A pen shaped device can sense light, and is used to point at spots on a video screen:       a) Mouse❌       b) Light Pen✅       c)   Joystick❌       d) Plotter❌ 16) Which of the following is non-volatile storage?       a) Primary❌       b) Cache❌       c) Secondary✅       d) None of these❌ 17) Which unit is responsible for converting the data received from the user into a       computer understandable format?       a) Input Unit✅             b) Output Unit❌       c) Control Unit❌           d) None of these❌ 18) The only language which the computer understands is:       a) Assembly❌       b) Binary✅       c) BASIC❌       d) C Language❌ 19) Whenever the data is found in the cache memory it is called as:       a) MISS❌       b) FOUND❌       c) FLAG❌       d) HIT✅ 20) The transfer between CPU and Cache is:       a) Block Transfer❌         b) Word Transfer✅         c) Bit Transfer❌               d) None❌

 

Fundamentals of Computer and PC Software Syllabus For B.Com Computer Application

Unit-I

Introduction to Computer System: Block Diagram, Components: Mother Board, Processor, Main Memory, Cache Memory, Hard Disk. Input Devices, Output Devices, External Storage Devices: Floppy Disk, CD ROM, DD USB Drives. Types of Software: System Software, Application Software, Utility Software. System Software: Operating System. Utility Programs: Antivirus, Disk cleaning, Defragmentation, Compression & Decompression of files.  Application Software: examples of commercial software with brief introduction. Programming Languages: Low-Level Language, Assembly Language, Middle Level Language and High Level Language, Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler, Difference between Compiler & Interpreter.

Unit-II

Operating System: Definition, Functions of Operating System, CUI & GUI Topics, Types of Operating System like Single User, Multi User, Real Time, Time Sharing, Batch Processing, Multiprocessing, Multiprogramming, Multitasking, Distributed Processing, Elementary idea of Various common operating systems prevalent round the world. MS Windows: An introduction and its features, desktop, taskbar, files and folders, start menu operations, my computer, network neighborhood, recycle-bin, windows explorer, creating copying, moving and deleting files, setting wallpaper, changing the mouse pointer, paint, notepad, understanding the OLE features.

Unit-III

Introduction to MS-Word: Advantages of word processing, creating, saving and editing a document: Selecting, deleting, Replacing Text, Copying Text to another file. Insert, Formatting Text and Paragraph, Using the font, Dialog Box , Paragraph Formatting using Bullets and Numbering in Paragraph, Use of Smart Art, Checking Spelling, Line spacing, Margins, Space before and after paragraph, Mail merge, customizing the ribbon. Introduction to MS-Excel: Entering Information: Numbers, Formula, Editing Data in a cell, Excel functions, using a range with SUM, Moving and copying data, Inserting and Deleting Row & Columns in the worksheet, Using the format Cells Dialog box, Using chart wizard to create a chart. Introduction to MS-Power Point: Introduction to Power point presentation, Slide Show, Formatting, creating a presentation, Inserting Smart Arts, Adding Objects, Applying Transitions, and Animation effects, Adding Tables, Charts and Media files.

Unit-IV

Decision Support System: Importance of Decision support system, limitation, Characteristics of DSS, Decision Support and Structure of decision making decision Support and Repetitiveness of decision Making. Expert Systems: Support for System making phases, Support for the intelligence Phase, Support for the design phase, support for the support for the choice phase, decision Support and Alternative Concepts of Decision making. Management Information System: Introduction to role of IT, MIS characteristics and application areas Business and Technology trends-specialization, management by methodology, decentralization, internationalization etc.

Unit-V

Internet: Meaning, Definitions, History, Internet protocols, TCP\IP, FTP, HTTP, URL. Internet Browsers, WWW Consortium, Search Engines. Introduction to Internet Security terminology-network security, firewall, cryptography, password, biometrics, digital signature, digital certificate. Business applications of internet, email, UseNet, newsgroup, telnet, intranet, e-ticketing, chatting. E-Banking and its Benefits: Smart Card, E-cash, Online financial services stock trading, E-broking, E-business Model, Do-it-yourself model, Made-to-order model, Information Service Model, Emerging hybrid models.

Useful Shortcuts of Computer Fundamentals

1. MS-Word Shortcut Keys.

Objective Questions

1. Fundamental of Computer Objective Set_1.